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rylene dye
A rylene dye is a dye based on the perylene framework. In homologues additional naphthalene units are added, forming compounds - or poly(peri-naphthalene)s - such as terrylene, quarterrylene.
Perylene dyes are useful for their intense visible light absorption, high stability, electron accepting ability, and unity quantum yields.〔Huang, C., Barlow,S., Marder, S. (2011), Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid Diimides: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Use in Organic Electronics. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 76, 2386–2407〕 Due to these properties, they are actively researched in academia for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, thermographic processes, energy-transfer cascades, light-emitting diodes, and near-infrared-absorbing systems.〔Weil, T., Vosch, T., Hofkens, J., Peneva, K. and Müllen, K. (2010),'' The Rylene Colorant Family—Tailored Nanoemitters for Photonics Research and Applications''. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49: 9068–9093. 〕 A bathochromic shift of about 100 nm is recorded per additional naphthalene unit.
==Synthesis==
Perylenediimide (PDI) are synthesized by treating perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) with amines at high temperatures.〔
This reaction forms symmetrically N,N’- substituted PDIs. Solubilizing groups are often attached in this fashion. Although the solubility of the dianhydride is low, the solubility of some mono- and diimide derivatives are greatly improved.
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